An Efficient Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search Algorithm for the Flying Sidekick Traveling Salesman Problem

This paper proposes an efficient Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) algorithm for the Flying Sidekick Traveling Salesman Problem (FSTSP). The algorithm integrates a stage-based truck–drone solution representation, two complementary destroy–repair operator groups, and six local-search neighborhoods focusing on drone operations and truck–drone interactions. Computational efficiency is enhanced through constant-time move evaluation after preprocessing and Static … Read more

A 2-index Stage-based Formulation and a Construct-Merge-Solve & Adapt Algorithm for the Flying Sidekick Traveling Salesman Problem

In this work, we present the first 2-index stage-based formulation for the Flying Sidekick Traveling Salesman Problem (FSTSP). Additionally, we propose a Construct-Merge-Solve & Adapt (CMSA) algorithm designed to generate high-quality feasible solutions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm consistently produces good solutions in a fraction of the time required by state-of-the-art mixed-integer linear … Read more