# D.C. Versus Copositive Bounds for Standard QP

The standard quadratic program (QPS) is $\min_{x\in\Delta} x'Qx$, where $\Delta\subset\Re^n$ is the simplex $\Delta=\{ x\ge 0 : \sum_{i=1}^n x_i=1 \}$. QPS can be used to formulate combinatorial problems such as the maximum stable set problem, and also arises in global optimization algorithms for general quadratic programming when the search space is partitioned using simplices. One class of d.c." (for difference between convex") bounds for QPS is based on writing $Q=S-T$, where $S$ and $T$ are both positive semidefinite, and bounding $x\tran Sx$ (convex on $\Delta$) and $-x\tran Tx$ (concave on $\Delta$) separately. We show that the maximum possible such bound can be obtained by solving a semidefinite programming (SDP) problem. The dual of this SDP problem corresponds to adding a simple constraint to the well-known Shor relaxation of QPS. We show that the max d.c.bound is dominated by another known bound based on a copositive relaxation of QPS, also obtainable via SDP at comparable computational expense. For the application of QPS to bounding the stability number of a graph, we use a novel formulation of the Lovasz $\vartheta$ number to compare $\vartheta$, Schrijver's $\varthetaprime$, and the max d.c. bound.

## Citation

Dept. of Management Sciences, University of Iowa, May 2003.