This paper introduces a computational method for generating metric Travelling Salesperson Problem (TSP) instances having a large integrality gap. The method is based on the solution of an NP-hard problem, called IH-OPT, that takes in input a fractional solution of the Subtour Elimination Problem (SEP) on a TSP instance and compute a TSP instance having an integrality gap larger than or equal to the integrality gap of the first instance. The decision variables of IH-OPT are the entries of the TSP cost matrix, and the constraints are defined by the intersection of the metric cone with an exponential number of inequalities, one for each possible tour. Given the very large number of constraints, we have implemented a branch-and-cut algorithm for solving IH-OPT. Then, by sampling cost vectors over the metric polytope and by solving the corresponding SEP, we can generate random fractional vertices of the SEP polytope. If we solve the IH-OPT problem for every sampled vertex using our branch-and-cut algorithm, we can select the generated TSP instance (i.e., cost vector), yielding the longest runtime for Concorde, the state-of-the-art TSP solver. Our computational results show that our method is very effective in producing challenging instances. As a by-product, we release the {\tt Hard-TSPLIB}, a library of 41 small metric TSP instances which have a large integrality gap and are challenging in terms of runtime for Concorde.
Citation
University of Pavia, September 2021.