Austin Buchanan Beginning in the 1960s, techniques from operations research began to be used to generate political districting plans. A classical example is the integer programming model of Hess et al. (Operations Research 13(6):998–1006, 1965). Due to the model’s compactness-seeking objective, it tends to generate contiguous or nearly-contiguous districts, although none of the model’s constraints explicitly impose … Read more
To this day, the maximum clique problem remains a computationally challenging problem. Indeed, despite researchers’ best efforts, there exist unsolved benchmark instances with one thousand vertices. However, relatively simple algorithms solve real-life instances with millions of vertices in a few seconds. Why is this the case? Why is the problem apparently so easy in many … Read more
In the paper “A linear-size zero-one programming model for the minimum spanning tree problem in planar graphs” (Networks 39(1):53–60, 2002), Williams introduced an extended formulation for the spanning tree polytope of a planar graph. This formulation is remarkably small (using only $O(n)$ variables and constraints) and remarkably strong (defining an integral polytope). In this note, … Read more
Two nodes of a wireless network may not be able to communicate with each other directly perhaps due to obstacles or insufficient signal strength. This necessitates the use of intermediate nodes to relay information. Often, one designates a (preferably small) subset of them to relay these messages (i.e., to serve as a virtual backbone for … Read more
In the analysis of networks, one often searches for tightly knit clusters. One property of a “good” cluster is a small diameter (say, bounded by $k$), which leads to the concept of a $k$-club. In this paper, we propose new path-like and cut-like integer programming formulations for detecting these low-diameter subgraphs. They simplify, generalize, and/or … Read more
The vertex cover polytopes of graphs do not admit polynomial-size extended formulations. This motivates the search for polyhedral analogues to approximation algorithms and fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) algorithms. While the polyhedral approximability of vertex cover has been studied, we know of no extended formulations parameterized by the size of the vertex cover. To this end, we … Read more
In many network applications, one searches for a connected subset of vertices that exhibits other desirable properties. To this end, this paper studies the connected subgraph polytope of a graph, which is the convex hull of subsets of vertices that induce a connected subgraph. Much of our work is devoted to the study of two … Read more
This paper describes tight extended formulations for independent set. The first formulation is for arbitrary independence systems and has size $O(n+\mu)$, where $\mu$ denotes the number of inclusion-wise maximal independent sets. Consequently, the extension complexity of the independent set polytope of graphs is $O(1.4423^n)$. The size $O(2^\tw n)$ of the second extended formulation depends on … Read more